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1、原理

电解的概(gai)念 使电流通过(guo)电解质溶液而在(zai)阴(yin)、阳两极引(yin)起氧化(hua)还原反应(ying)的过(guo)程叫做电解。

2、构成电解池的条件

（1）直流电源。

（2）两个(ge)电极(ji)(ji)。其(qi)中(zhong)与电源的(de)(de)正极(ji)(ji)相连的(de)(de)电极(ji)(ji)叫做阳极(ji)(ji)，与电源的(de)(de)负极(ji)(ji)相连的(de)(de)电极(ji)(ji)叫做阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)。

（3）电解质(zhi)溶(rong)液或熔融态电解质(zhi)。

（4）电解(jie)质导(dao)电的实质对(dui)电解(jie)质溶液(ye)（或熔融(rong)态(tai)电解(jie)质）通电时，电子从(cong)电源的负极(ji)沿(yan)导(dao)线流入电解(jie)池的阴极(ji)，电解(jie)质的阳(yang)离子移向(xiang)阴极(ji)得电子发生还原反应；

电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)的(de)阴(yin)离子(zi)移向阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)失(shi)去电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)（有(you)的(de)是组(zu)成阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)金属原子(zi)失(shi)去电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)）发生(sheng)氧(yang)化(hua)反应，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)从电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池的(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)出(chu)，并沿导线流(liu)回电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)正极(ji)(ji)(ji)。这样(yang)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就依靠电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)（或熔融(rong)(rong)(rong)态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)）里(li)阴(yin)、阳(yang)离子(zi)的(de)定向移动而(er)通过(guo)溶(rong)液(ye)（或熔融(rong)(rong)(rong)态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)），所以(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)（或熔融(rong)(rong)(rong)态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)）的(de)导电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)过(guo)程，就是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)（或熔融(rong)(rong)(rong)态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)）的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)过(guo)程。

3、技术指标：